Identification of Debris Phenomena in Pine Trees, and Ways of their Management

Abstract

The most important studies performed worldwide with presented specific methods, supply the  possibility  of  elaborating  our  review  study  in:    pine  seedling  physiology  and  the  importance  to survival and growth of pine seedling physiology, identification of the environmental factors that are critical to successful pine seedling performance, and comparison of the effectiveness of various tests for predicting survival and growth of pine seedlings in nurseries. The aim of the paper is to emphasize the main causes of debris phenomena in pine trees, and also to establish current pine nursery integrated management assessment methods The research was carried  on  available  literature,  from  last  five  years,  available  from  international  databases,  and  also from national forestry offices. A series of methods are usually used in order to identify the performances of pine seedlings in nurseries,  and  possible  debris  phenomena  apparition,  and  among  them  we  shall  implement: morphological measurements (height, stem diameter, bud length, shoot: root ratio, shoot weight, root weight,  etc.),  physiological  measurements  (electrolyte  leakage,  enzymatic  activity,  water  potential, water  conductance,  mineral  nutrition,  food  reserves).  To  above  mentioned  methods  future perspectives are open, among them being: chlorophyll fluorescence, infrared thermography, machine vision system, integrated approaches, eco-physiological evaluations, etc.).