DETERMINATION OF THE RESISTANCE TO ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS OF THE INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS OF VINES (VITIS VINIFERA L. x MUSCADINIA ROTUNDIFOLIA MICHX.)

Abstract

As a result of interbreeding culture grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), 2n = 38, with American grapevines (Muscadinia rotundifolia Michx.), 2n = 40 interspecific hybrids were created with diploid set of chromosomes 2n = 38. Grow requirements to the genetic resources needed to improve the cultures valuable increased resistance to biotic and abiotic factors. Feels a need to ensure the heightened autochthonous products necessities for the industrial branches of the national economy. The flowering plants adapts to the environmental conditions using various methods and the changes morfo-anatomic hold a decisive role under conditions the high environmental temperatures. The changes for adaptation of the plants can be studied on the basis of morphological and anatomical characters of the leaf, because this plant is the organ of plastic and responsive to changes in the environment. Ecological adaptation of the plants of the environment conditions of the hydric of the variability is realized based morphology and anatomy quantitative indicators leaf. So far they have created many varieties of vines, and yet has not acquired perfect of vines the variety, that has meet the maximum agro biological and technological properties. The achievements are well known in the selection of grapevine varieties resulted in obtaining high quality and resistance to biotic and abiotic factors, such as those from France, Italy, Germany, Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania, Moldova, Ukraine etc. but it should be noted that cultivation of the variety of vines requires mandatory the grafting their the rootstock north American (resistant to phylloxera), which greatly increases the cost of planting material production and the creation of plantations of vines.