RHINITIS: A SHORT REVIEW
Abstract
Rhinitis, defined as inflammation of the nasal mucosa, is a prevalent and multifactorial condition affecting companion animals, particularly dogs and cats. The condition manifests with diverse clinical symptoms, including nasal discharge, sneezing, congestion, and, in chronic cases, reduced olfactory function, significantly impacting animal welfare. The etiology encompasses infectious agents such as viruses (e.g., canine distemper virus, feline herpesvirus), bacteria (Bordetella bronchiseptica, Pasteurella spp.), and fungi (Aspergillus fumigatus), as well as non-infectious factors like allergies, foreign bodies, and idiopathic lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis. Advanced diagnostic tools, including rhinoscopy, computed tomography (CT), and cytology, have greatly improved the ability to differentiate between infectious, allergic, and neoplastic causes, leading to targeted treatment strategies such as antimicrobial therapy, antifungal agents, and immunosuppressive therapies. Environmental factors, including poor air quality and inadequate husbandry practices, play a critical role in chronic rhinitis, particularly in overcrowded environments. While advances in diagnostics and management have improved clinical outcomes, chronic and idiopathic rhinitis remain significant challenging requiring long-term care. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the etiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of rhinitis in dogs and cats, emphasizing the importance of a holistic approach to improve animal health and welfare.
Copyright (c) 2025 Felix Daniel Lucaci, Sorin Marian Mârza, Radu Lăcătuș, Robert Cristian Purdoiu

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The papers published in the journal are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.
Open Access Journal: The journal allow the author(s) to retain publishing rights without restrictions. Authors are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).