VITICULTURAL AREAS FROM OLTENIA-ROMANIA WHICH HAVE AT DISPOSAL A RICH AND PERFORMANT MICROFLORA OF OENOLOGICAL INTEREST

Abstract

Oltenia represented one the oldest and the most reputed viticultural areas from Romania. The viticultural patrimony owned by this area represents aproximately 20% from the whole national patrimony. The viticultural plantations are placed between 44º2' and 45º02' North latitude, again their height is between 73m and 260m. The climate type is continental temperat with the some Mediterranean influences. The soil types on which vine cultivated are very diverse: psamosol pseudoglezat, preluvosol calcaric, faeoziom tipic, faeoziom argilic, luvosol, tipic, on the gravels, cernosiom calcaric (Teodorescu, 1987). As a consequence of these pedoclimatic conditions it is possible to obtain aproximately almost the whole assortment of wines of superior quality and controled denomination origin (white dry, white semidry and sweet white flavoured, rose flavoured, red dry). Our scoientific research made in 2000-2009 period have driven us to the conclusion that in this big viticultural area, the spontaneous yeast microflora is enough rich in the species of the oenological interest prevailing especially the sporogenes yeasts. From this spontaneous microflora were isolated and were identificated a great number of strains with the convenient physiological particularities. Several of them have the capacity of to fermenting large quantities of sugars, to resist at high doses of the sulphure anhidride in conditions of relatively low a great fermentation temperatures. In the paper a great emphasis is placed on the selected of selected yeasts with very good performances.