Application of UAS Technology for the Development of Precision Agriculture
Abstract
Precision agriculture often uses digital techniques such as satellites, UAS (unmanned aerial systems) and sensors to optimize agricultural production processes while reducing negative environmental impacts. Smart agriculture is data-driven, so a UAS can accurately receive and fairly distribute this information, allowing producers to take action based on individual soil circumstances. The paper aims to highlight the main advantages of UAS used in agriculture, depending on the type of wing (single-rotor, multi-rotor, fixed-wing and VTOL) and the sensors used. Also, within the work, the stages of making the digital orthophoto map at the Hoia farm, belonging to USAMV Cluj-Napoca, were analysed, with a view to further analyses on the state of the vegetation, using a DJI Phantom 4 Pro UAS model. Vegetation status can be assessed and quantified by different vegetation indices from images acquired in the visible, red and near-infrared spectral bands. Depending on their formulation, they can show a strong correlation with land cover and leaf and green area index (LAI and GAI), crop nitrogen uptake (QN), chlorophyll content, water stress detection, plant structure, photosynthesis, yield and growing conditions. Modern agricultural technology plays a vital role in increasing productivity to meet the demand for food for a growing global population, conservation and management of agricultural resources.