Benefits of Agroforestry Shelterbelts on Useful Arthropod Fauna from Wheat Culture in the Climate Change Context

Abstract

Climate is the main factor in determining the yield of agricultural crops, and in the last decade research
on climate change has intensified. The specialists in the field of agricultural research but also among
farmers have see a solution in agroforestry or protective agroforestry belts, which improve
microclimatic conditions, the soil is protected from drying and erosion, carbon is sequestered, and
biodiversity is created. Besides the many advantages they have, agroforestry shelterbelts have another
important role, by providing a suitable habitat for the increase and protection of useful insects. Useful
arthropods have an impressive role in biodiversity conservation, due to their ecology and beneficial
effect in agriculture, being a good strategy for biological control. The objective of this research is to
present the entomophagous species present in wheat culture in an agroecosystem with protective
agroforestry shelterbelts fromTransylvania Plain, in the context of climate changes in recent years. The
most important species of entomophaous present in wheat culture in the three experimental years
belong to the orders Araneae, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Neuroptera, Diptera, and the most abundant
order is that of spiders with a maximum number of 698 captured insects, in 2022.