Assessment of the Environmental Risk in Seismic Area of ”Phlegraean Fields” Italy. Note II: Risks Associated with Toxic Gas Emissions, Volcanic Ash, and Lava Flows
Abstract
This study examines the geological and socio-economic risks associated with the ”Phlegraean
Fields” region, characterized by intense volcanic and geothermal activity. Key features of solfataras,
including the emission of sulfurous gases (e.g., SO₂, H₂S, CO₂) and mineral deposits, highlight the area's
geothermal potential and associated hazards. Risk matrices were developed to assess potential
impacts from toxic gas emissions, volcanic ash, and socio-economic disruptions. The aim of the study
is to develop risk matrices for risks associated with risks associated with explosive eruptions,
earthquakes, and lava flows in seismic area of ”Phlegraean Fields” Italy. The results emphasize the
importance of continuous monitoring, early warning systems, and well-defined evacuation and
emergency response plans to mitigate risks. Public education and investment in resilient
infrastructure are crucial for reducing the long-term socio-economic and environmental impacts. The
findings provide a framework for decision-makers to prioritize interventions and enhance community
preparedness against volcanic hazards in the Campi Flegrei region.