Effects of Feeding Factors and Breed on Cow Milk Fatty Acid Composition: Recent Data
Abstract
Manipulating cow milk fatty acid (FA) is of considerable interest to improve the health of consumers. The main targets include reducing the levels of saturated FA and trans FA in milk and increasing those of cis9-18:1, 18:3n-3, and cis9trans11 isomer of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). The breed has only a minor influence on cow milk FA composition whereas nutrition has major effects. We review recent progress in the effects of nutrition on milk FA composition, namely pasture feeding (phenological stage, botanical diversity, and stocking density) as well as linseed and rapeseed supplementation, in interaction with the nature of forage. Finally, we report the ability of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to quantify milk concentrations of the main FA groups and individual FA, opening perspectives for large-scale determination of milk FA composition.
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